Even if not solid research, I think that this article is worth sharing as food for though.
The author mentions Duncan’s five faces of poverty (material, social, spiritual, aspirational and identity), then focuses on the later two, and proposes that language also plays a role in social poverty.
Superficially it might seen that the author proposes “replacive bilingualism” (i.e. linguicide) as a solution for this problem; he doesn’t, he is mentioning it to highlight how individuals seek to address this linguistic poverty.
Make sure to give a check to the references cited - there’s a lot of good stuff there.
Personally I don’t see any problem with the words “poor” or “poverty” on their own, and IMO rephrasing them only reinforces their negative connotations. For me the issue is when, as you said, the poor are blamed for being poor - but thankfully the text doesn’t do it.
The solution that the text offers is in the last paragraph. When rephrased, it boils down to:
Regarding the church: I get your point and I partially agree with you, but note that in some situations the church strengthened marginalised linguistic communities. For example, the Jesuits documenting and creating orthographies for a few native languages, like Tupinambá (standardised as Old Tupi) and Guarani here in South America; IIRC Nahuatl in North America. So overall I believe that the role of the church was/is ambivalent, both to be blamed and weakly praised.
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