Planning on using a graphic card to transcode 4k 2 or 3 videos per time. Just want something out of the box that doesn’t have to be configured.
This is contradictory. If you want to use a graphics card for transcoding, you must first configure it. As a starting point, you may want to review the documentation:
https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/administration/hardware-acceleration/
Please elaborate. What do you expect your box to do? And how many ports do you need?
Assuming you’re not planning for anything computationally intensive such as VPN or deep packet inspection, you can take a look at the four-port Sophos SG 105 / XG 105 (will require one change in BIOS settings for pfSense to install and run) or a five-port Barracuda F12 (doesn’t have video output and therefore will require a console cable for installation). Occasionally, the six-port Check Point T-110 pops up at low prices. Very occasionally, someone lists for cheap a Lanner unit with anywhere between two and six ports. Four-port Sophos UTM 110/120 units still pop up occasionally, but those are REALLY old (went out of support in 2018).
You may happen upon a three-port APU or a rebrand thereof (SimpleWAN or even Netgate; they used to sell pfSense Plus preinstalled on APUs), but those are extremely configurable and sometimes come with stock OS installed on a CF card, so you may need to buy an mPCIe SSD separately.
And, of course, oodles of dual-RJ-45 mini-PCs, new and used. Potential problem with those is, the cheaper they are, the more likely they are to come with Realtek NICs (and those NICs used to have a big stigma in the pfSense community due to poor drivers; more recently, things have improved, but many people still don’t want to deal with Realtek). Also, if the seller doesn’t know or doesn’t say what the NICs are, they are probably Realtek.
labour price for homelab = 0$ :)
That, methinks, is a common misconception. Every human action has a cost. At the very least, by doing something, you are prevented from doing something else (this is called “opportunity cost”).
WHAT KIND of router? Can you save configuration? Can you reuse that configuration on another device?
Can anybody recommend a cheap computer that can run Linux and has an Ethernet port with built in LTE or 3G?
First off, 3G is either dead or dying. All major U.S. carriers, for example, shut down 3G service in 2022. Globally, it’s probably similar. So your minimum is LTE.
To answer your question, no. Unless you happen upon a used device and the seller doesn’t know what they have, this is not cheap tech. And when it is cheap, it is often because it has vendor locks.
For example, I once bought a Datto DNA-VZ5 (a rebranded Axiomtek NA361) from a recycler. It had six Ethernet ports (4 x Intel i354 + 2 x Intel i210), Wi-Fi (Qualcomm Atheros QCA986x/988x, which is AC standard), and a cellular modem (Sequans VZ20M). The problem is, there are no open-source drivers for Sequans VZ20M. Further, the U.S. version is locked onto Verizon, and the Canadian version, onto Rogers. Further still, the device is somewhat larger than a typical desktop router, actively cooled, painted bright blue, and has the total of five antennas (three for Wi-Fi and two for cellular) on two opposing sides of the case. So even if you were able to make it work (for example, by replacing the Sequans card with a more open-source-friendly one), it still wouldn’t meet your aesthetic criteria.
Here’s what you can do. Find out what devices your cellular provider offers, then see if you can find those or similar in the secondary market… Most likely, you will end up with a standalone cellular modem. You may be able to find a cellular modem implemented as a PCI card (which you can install into any PC with a PCI slot; those are usually SFF or larger) or as an m.2 / mPCIe card (which you can use in a mini-PC if you take out the Wi-Fi card and replace Wi-Fi antennas with cellular ones). But either way, you’re highly unlikely to keep it under USD 100…
Second-hand hardware gets cheaper with time. Repair worker’s labor doesn’t. So there is price point below which complete replacement is cheaper than repair.
Nay, emphatically. Out of the box, a new SMTP server is treated by peers as yet another spam delivery vehicle. You have to prove to the world you’re not a fly-by-night spammer. There are certain things you have to do with your domain’s MX record, as well as in terms of SMTP server configuration. Oh, and if you’re ever caught with an open relay on port 25, that will get you blacklisted instantaneously…
On units built by major manufacturers who have volume OEM licenses from Microsoft (Dell, HP, Lenovo, etc.), Windows license keys are burned into the BIOS. So you can always reinstall Windows later, and it will retrieve licensing information from the unit’s bowels… Just remember to leave the license key field empty when installing; this will prompt the installer to search for a license key stored on the system.
Also, Dell has something called OS Recovery Tool. You can install it on any Windows machine, then enter a service tag number for a Dell PC, and the tool will download a Dell-tweaked version of Windows for the specific model associated with that service tag and make USB installation media from it…
Any thoughts on the reliability of the business (OptiPlex) versus consumer (Inspiron) desktop
None whatsoever. From where I sit, it’s all about you accidentally spilling liquids into the unit. Or putting the unit somewhere where said liquids can condense from the air and short out the motherboard…
Also, some time in the 2010s, Dell adopted model numbering in which 3xxx models are “value”, 5xxx models are “mid-range”, and 7xxx models are “top of the line”. There’s also the 9xxx range, but that’s usually either Precision or XPS. That, not the product line, is the real clue. If a 7xxx model has a motherboard with four RAM slots and four PCI slots, a 3xxx model of the same vintage may have two of each and ship without an HDD cage (with only an SSD on the motherboard). That sort of thing…
5-6 ports is not “small”. “Small” is 2-4. Six-port 2.5G units do exist, but they are relatively expensive compared to the actual small (2-4 ports) units. You have to trawl eBay or bite the bullet on AliExpress…
Another poster already suggested N100 boxes. That sounds like something worth looking into… Also look at the adjacent stuff, like N95 and N200…
So… Where does the cat sleep? :) On top of the QNAPs? Is it warm enough?
Go to Dell’s Web site, find service manuals for both models and see which fits your plans better. Down to the number of available SATA ports and the specs of the PCI slots.
Also, Dell’s top desktop line for business is Precision. There’s also XPS, but these days, it’s mostly Precision in a slightly fancier case… Precision lineup goes all the way up to Xeon…
With requirements like this, the answer is “anything”. No, really. I have a Dell laptop from 2008 that runs Linux Mint on an Intel Core 2 Duo processor and has 8 GB RAM and a terabyte hard drive. It keeps up with my files without breaking a sweat.
In fact, you don’t even need a 64-bit processor; you can run current version of Debian or Mint on a 32-bit one…
Exceptionally bad design; where’s the cat supposed to sleep? :)
I bought a QNAP device a decade ago. Today, it is about 3% full. Turns out I didn’t need any NAS at all…
It will be an exploration mission.
First, I can’t remember whether XTM 505 is x86 or not; Watchguard has a habit of mixing designations. There are similarly named models with x86 and non-x86 (usually, Freescale) processors. Other people say it is, so I’ll tentatively agree.
You most likely will not be able to run a Watchguard device with stock firmware. So you will need an alternative. The easiest one will be OPNsense nano; just replace the stock CF card with one containing OPNsense nano, and it will run. Same with OpenWrt; write it onto a CF card, and it will run. Or you can experiment with adding SSDs. This may of may not go well, because you may or may not be able to get into BIOS.
Performance-wise, XTM 505 will give you basic Gigabit routing no problem (except that one of the ports is actually 100 Mbps). How much noise it will make doing that will depend entirely on the state of the fans.
Peak power consumption on XTM 505, if memory serves, is 85W.
What you want to do with all of the above is entirely up to you…
The best place to start is usually eBay or a functional equivalent. Businesses dispose of the prior-generation tech more or less constantly.
Another poster suggested buying a server. While it may be a good idea from the standpoint of learning, I would like you to keep in mind that servers can be noisy, so adjust that recommendation to your living circumstances. An alternative is to buy a PC workstation or even a high(er)-end office PC (for example, Dell Optiplex, or HP Pro Desk / Elite Desk, or Lenovo ThinkCentre / ThinkStation). Those are designed for corporate use and have multiple options for upgrading and expansion (empty slots for RAM, SATA drives, PCI cards, etc.). You can start as low and as far back as i3-6xxx, but obviously, the more recent and more muscular, the better. See what you can get for your money in your home market. Get some extra RAM (16 GB should be enough for starters) and an SSD to install the OS on. Speaking of the OS, start by installing Proxmox (it’s a Debian-based hypervisor, meaning, an OS designed to run other OSs on top of itself) and run the rest, whatever it ends up being, as virtual machines.
And yes, you can run your NAS as a virtual machine, too…
What you’re looking for is called “JBOD enclosure” (JBOD stands for “just a bunch of disks”)… Be sure to get a SATA one; there are also ones that work with SAS drives… Once you have an enclosure with some drives in it, you can connect it to a NAS server via USB or, hardware permitting, Thunderbolt.
It’s really hard to tell, and the devil is in the details.
On bare metal, a single server containing both the front-end application and the DB may be faster (no networking overhead), but only to a point. As load increases, a split system (front-end on one machine, DB on another, or even on a cluster) becomes more attractive.
When everything is virtualized and machines talk to each other over virtual interfaces, I would think a single database server usable by multiple front-end applications would be a good idea. This way, you have only one DB server overhead. Also, maintenance is more straightforward; you look after a single database server, even though it contains multiple databases.
It’s probably a good idea to pair each application with a dedicated database (within the same database server) and assign each application a unique user name with rights only for that database.