• I never said anything about EFI not supporting multi boot. I said that the had to be kept in lockstep during updates. I recognize the term “manual” might have been a bit of a misnomer there, since I included systems where the admin has to take action to enable replication. ESXi (my main hardware OS for now) doesn’t even have software RAID for single-server datastores (only vSAN). Windows and Linux both can do it, but its a non-default manual process of splicing the drives together with no apparent automatic replacement mechanism - full manual admin intervention. With a hardware RAID, you just have to plop the new disk in and it splices the drive back into the array automatically (if the drive matches)
  • “EFI doesn’t understand (normal) MD RAID” - https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/742072/34724 (2023)
  • (untested) “Using metadata 1.0 (end of disk) to splice EFI partitions together” - https://std.rocks/gnulinux_mdadm_uefi.html
  • (untested) “splicing windows dynamic disks together” - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/backup-and-storage/set-up-dynamic-boot-partition-mirroring
• Dell and HPe both have had RAM caching for reads and writes since at least 2011. That’s why the controllers have batteries :)
  • also, I said it only had to handle the boot disk. Plus you’re ignoring the fact that all modern filesystems will do page caching in the background regardless of the presence of hardware cache. That’s not unique to ZFS, Windows and Linux both do it.
• mdadm and hardware RAID offer the same level of block consistency validation to my current understanding- you’d need filesystem-level checksumming no matter what, and as both mdadm and hardware RAID are both filesystem agnostic, they will almost equally support the same filesystem-level features (Synology implements BTRFS on top of mdadm - I saw a small note somewhere that they had their implementation request block rebuild from mdadm if btrfs detected issues, but I have been unable to verify this claim so I do not consider it (yet) as part of my hardware vs md comparison)

Hardware RAID just works, and for many, that’s good enough. In more advanced systems, all its got to handle is a boot partition, and if you’re doing your job as a sysadmin there’s zero important data in there that can’t be easily rebuilt or restored.

I never said I didn’t use software RAID, I just wanted to add information about hardware RAID controllers. Maybe I’m blind, but I’ve never seen a good implementation of software RAID for the EFI partition or boot sector. During boot, most systems I’ve seen will try to always access one partition directly and a second in order, which is bypassing the concept of a RAID, so the two would need to be kept manually in sync during updates.

Because of that, there’s one notable place where I won’t - I always use hardware RAID for at minimum the boot disk because Dell firmware natively understands everything about it from a detect/boot/replace perspective. Or doesn’t see anything at all in a good way. All four of my primary servers have a boot disk on either a Startech RAID card similar to a Dell BOSS or have an array to boot off of directly on the PERC. It’s only enough space to store the core OS.

Other than that, at home all my other physical devices are hypervisors (VMware ESXi for now until I can plot a migration), dedicated appliance devices (Synology DSM uses mdadm), or don’t have a redundant disks (my firewall - backed up to git, and my NUC Proxmox box, both firewalls and the PVE are all running ZFS for features).

Three of my four ESXi servers run vSAN, which is like Ceph and replaces RAID. Like Ceph and ZFS, it requires using an HBA or passthrough disks for full performance. The last one is my standalone server. Notably, ESXi does not support any software RAID natively that isn’t vSAN, so both of the standalone server’s arrays are hardware RAID.

When it comes time to replace that Synology it’s going to be on TrueNAS

For recovering hardware RAID: most guaranteed success is going to be a compatible controller with a similar enough firmware version. You might be able to find software that can stitch images back together, but that’s a long shot and requires a ton of disk space (which you might not have if it’s your biggest server)

I’ve used dozens of LSI-based RAID controllers in Dell servers (of both PERC and LSI name brand) for both work and homelab, and they usually recover the old array to the new controller pretty well, and also generally have a much lower failure rate than the drives themselves (I find myself replacing the cache battery more often than the controller itself)

Only twice out of the handful of times I went to a RAID controller from a different generation

• first time from a mobi failed R815 (PERC H700) physically moving the disks to an R820 (PERC H710, might’ve been an H710P) and they were able to foreign import easily
• Second time on homelab I went from an H710 mini mono to an H730P full size in the same chassis (don’t do that, it was a bad idea), but aside from iDRAC being very pissed off, the card ran for years with the same RAID-1 array imported.

As others have pointed out, this is where backups come into play. If you have to replace the server with one from a different generation, you run the risk that the drives won’t import. At that point, you’d have to sanitize the super block of the array and re-initialize it as a new array, then restore from backup. Now, the array might be just fine and you never notice a difference (like my users that had to replace a failed R815 with an 820), but the result pattern is really to the extremes of work or fault with no in between.

Standalone RAID controllers are usually pretty resilient and fail less often than disks, but they are very much NOT infallible as you are correct to assess. The advantage to software systems like mdadm, ZFS, and Ceph is that it removed the precise hardware compatibility requirements, but by no means does it remove the software compatible requirements - you’ll still have to do your research and make sure the new version is compatible with the old format, or make sure it’s the same version.

All that’s said, I don’t trust embedded motherboard RAIDs to the same degree that I trust standalone controllers. A friend of mine about 8-10 years ago ran a RAID-0 on a laptop that got it’s super block borked when we tried to firmware update the SSDs - stopped detecting the array at all. We did manage to recover data, but it needed multiple times the raw amount of storage to do so.

• we made byte images of both disks in ddrescue to a server that had enough spare disk space
• found a software package that could stitch together images with broken super blocks if we knew the order the disks were in (we did), which wrote a new byte images back to the server
• copied the result again and turned it into a KVM VM to network attach and copy the data off (we could have loop mounted the disk to an SMB share and been done, but it was more fun and rewarding to boot the recovered OS afterwards as kind of a TAKE THAT LENOVO…we were younger)
• took in total a bit over 3TB to recover the 2x500GB disks to a usable state - and took about a week of combined machine and human time to engineer and cook, during which my friend opted to rebuild his laptop clean after we had images captured - to one disk windows, one disk Linux, not RAID-0 this time :P

Just because sponsor block exists, doesn’t mean video creators shouldn’t be better.

Just like UBO and web ads.

My low level is a tad rusty from when I learned the C side in school, but if I recall the not operator resolves as a single Boolean (0 or 1 in true C), whereas compliment comes back as however many bits you put in - a not operation per bit.

In C, the not operator is ! and the compliment operator is ~

Only if you’re using a sign bit rather than two’s compliment (a sign bit allows for two representations of 0)

Sadly the so-called “smart TV” is becoming the norm. Companies add unnecessary crap to TVs that’s often as slow as your car’s factory infotainment system, and when they feel like not upgrading the software anymore for security issues in a few years, it’s a permanent security hazard until you disconnect it from the network.

I have a Vizio TV from several years ago with Yahoo branded smart functions (that should date it) that I need to factory reset because I can’t find the WiFi password erase.

If the question needed to be asked, maybe the answer wasn’t obvious to them.

I dunno, I know it was a thing on Reddit, I don’t think I’ve ever seen it over here. Maybe Google bonked them.

That tracks, thanks!

Beep boop?

https://mapsontheweb.zoom-maps.com/post/729723975289176064/maritime-zones-of-india-territorial-seas

I’m no weather expert, but because you’ve got a regular pattern around the radar (the circle) that really shouldn’t appear in a normal weather condition, the beam may be getting grounded due to local conditions - see beam ducting.

The lil notch on the right is looks like it might be showing incomplete, conflicting, or out of bounds data. The site’s map legend may have a decoder for that pattern.

https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/radar-beams

Or it could be the apocalypse, who am I to judge /j

Looks like the video/image got over compressed or over enhanced. There’s probably not enough data in that file to reconstruct what happened here.

Linear or AI interpolation may make the image appear clearer, but it’s at the cost of creating new data that wasn’t already present.

Before anyone gets too deep I’d like to point out that this is just about hosting vector tiles, the actual tile gen is a separate project. Not to say that hosting large sets of files is trivial, just that there’s more to the picture than one repo.

https://github.com/onthegomap/planetiler

My pre caffeine brain though this was chocolate

fedora themed music starts playing

Do be do be do, bah
Do be do be do, bah

“broken build” here likely refers to the phrase as defined by gamers to function as synonymous to “overpowered”.

As in, “the build is so broken you can’t/it is difficult to play against it”. This phraseology could be used by either an ally or an enemy, but it contextually changes connotation from positive for allies to negative for enemies.

Build is often used as a shorthand for a character’s combination of items, skills, and levels (as the various games define it).

The reference numbers appear to be sourced from the Wikipedia article

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon#Dispute_over_accuracy

Ok. Can you back that up with a source?

Fast pace tiktok style videos aren’t really great to analyze on a phone, and your clip doesn’t seem to contain any outbound links.

Oh totally. I have a pile of RS-232 adapters that you still need to program just about every modern Ethernet switch, and they’re all type-A ports.