In particular, section 3 of the 14th amendment reads:
No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
This was passed after the civil war as a means of ensuring that confederates weren’t allowed to hold office.
There are modern examples as a result of the Jan. 6 2021 insurrection as well.
Engaged in, sure that’s a hard argument to make. Certainly the giving aid or comfort to - especially giving comfort to - part is inarguable. It reads pretty clearly that the intent of the law is if you’re in any way connected to insurrection/rebellion and you do not immediately condemn and disavow those actions you’re fully compliant as far as the legal system is concerned.
Trump was actively involved in the planning and organizing. That he was giving the top-level order rather than following it or figuring out the details is rather irrelevant.