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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: July 1st, 2023

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  • Top tip, when sat on your saddle place the heel of your foot on the pedal (even though you should actually pedal with the ball of your foot).

    Your leg should be straight when the pedal is in the 6 o’clock position.

    Once you have adjusted your saddle to the correct height, your proper pedal stroke (using the ball of your foot) will leave a very slight bend in your knee at the bottom of the stroke.

    This gives you the most efficient pedal stroke in terms of butt and leg muscles used, and minimises the stress on your knees.


  • Abstract

    High protein intake is common in western societies and is often promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle; however, amino-acid-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling in macrophages has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic cardiovascular disease. In a series of clinical studies on male and female participants (NCT03946774 and NCT03994367) that involved graded amounts of protein ingestion together with detailed plasma amino acid analysis and human monocyte/macrophage experiments, we identify leucine as the key activator of mTOR signalling in macrophages. We describe a threshold effect of high protein intake and circulating leucine on monocytes/macrophages wherein only protein in excess of ∼25 g per meal induces mTOR activation and functional effects. By designing specific diets modified in protein and leucine content representative of the intake in the general population, we confirm this threshold effect in mouse models and find ingestion of protein in excess of ∼22% of dietary energy requirements drives atherosclerosis in male mice. These data demonstrate a mechanistic basis for the adverse impact of excessive dietary protein on cardiovascular risk.