Technically yes it should but you’d need to check if your second drive needs 12v or not. Idk that currency but this is an inexpensive option to try.
I don’t suggest continuing this setup, apart from being Jann (which I am all too familiar with) you are better off using usb, or finding an external SATA eSATA compatible dock with what’s called a SATA multiplexer, or sata expander, or sata port multiplier. It allows you to split one sata port into multiple. And your computer should see multiple drives attached on the other side. This also allows you to do some bare minimum (imo required) software raid on your laptop. I’d look into that. I wouldn’t worry about drive throughput unless you use SSDs. Then again. You have a bargain build so this is better than nothing :)
These external sata bays with this multiplexer can also be jury-rigged using old server hardware, and flat metal pieces to hold the drives. This requires more research and I’m in mobile so I can’t help with that.
Something like this would probably make your life a little easier. Only trouble then is finding a power supply for your drives. Any pc power supply will work but you need to make sure you trigger the PSU before booting the laptop. There are guides for that, “turn on PSU without computer”. Also make sure the “sata multiplier” below actually comes with a power supply.
Nothing was ever wrong with calling them “virtual assistants” - at least with them you’re conditioned to have a low bar of expectations. So if it performs past expectations, you’ll be excited, lol.